Matter and mixtures

What is matter? 

                          Figure 1: Source sp.depositphotos.com      Figure 2 source istockphoto.com


Matter is everything around us and it has two general properties: Mass and volume

• Mass: The amount of matter that a substance has. We measure the mass in KG with a balance.

• Volume: The amount of space that a substance or object occupies.  We measure in L (litres) with a measuring glass or test tube.                                                       

Video 1: Source YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ki4O-Fy3z-0 

State of matter:

               Solid: Ice                                                              Liquid: Water

It keeps the shape and always occupies                           Takes the shape of its container.

the same space. Which means volume                             Its volume does not change.

does not change

Figure 3: Source es.123rf.com

                                                                                            Figure 4: Source es.wikipedia.org

Gas: Steam

It does not keep its shape and expands

to fill its container, so its volume also changes

Figure 5: Source centrosplanchados.com

Changes of state of matter

Matter can change its state through the processes of evaporation, solidification, melting and condensation

Figure 6: pinterest.co.uk

• Solidification: It is when a liquid changes into a solid.
• For instance: When it is raining and it is 0º degrees or less.

• Melting: It is when a liquid turns into a liquid
• For instance: When snow melts

• Evaporation: It is when a liquid turns into a gas
• For instance: When the sun heats the water. If this change happens at ambient temperature it is called evaporation. When it occurs at 100ºC it is called boiling.

• Condensation: It is when a gas changes into a liquid.
• For instance, when steam or water vapour changes into liquid water to form clouds

Figure 7: Source kiltiernan-gws.ie

Pure substances and mixtures

According to its components, matter can be a pure substance or a mixture.

This video helps us to understand better pure substances and mixtures!

Video 2: Source YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FPaXer7AN0&t=45s

*This video is in Spanish, however, pupils can read the subtitles.

Pure substances: Formed by one component (gold, water, salt)

   

          Figure 6: Source fategrandorder.wikia.com

Mixtures: Formed by two or more components.

There are different types of mixtures:

Homogeneous mixtures: Different components cannot be distinguished. Such a butter cake.

Figure 7: Source conmishijos.com

Heterogeneous mixtures: Different components are easily visible. Fruit salad, cereals with milk, yoghurt with fruits.

Figure 8: Source deliciosi.com

*In class, we show them mixing different substances. 

Lest´s practise!

1. Relate the words to its image.

a) Gas

b) Solid

c) Liquid

2. Gap filling. Complete the words. Do you remember the name of this processes?

a) From liquid to solid            _ _ L _ _ I _ _ _ _ T_O_ 

b) From solid to liquid            M_ _T_ _G

c) From liquid to gas               _V_ _O_ _T_ _N

d) From gas to liquid            _ _ N_ _ N_ _T_ _N
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Figure 9: Source proprofs.com

3. Tell your partner which of these mixtures are homogeneous, which are heterogeneous and why.

4. At home, choose two materials and mix them. Analyse if it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture. Bring these materials to class, show and explain the mixtures to their classmates. 

For instance: 

1. Cereals with milk: Heterogeneous mixtures

2. Nesquik and milk: Homogeneous mixtures.

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